(*********************************************************************** Mathematica-Compatible Notebook This notebook can be used on any computer system with Mathematica 4.0, MathReader 4.0, or any compatible application. The data for the notebook starts with the line containing stars above. To get the notebook into a Mathematica-compatible application, do one of the following: * Save the data starting with the line of stars above into a file with a name ending in .nb, then open the file inside the application; * Copy the data starting with the line of stars above to the clipboard, then use the Paste menu command inside the application. Data for notebooks contains only printable 7-bit ASCII and can be sent directly in email or through ftp in text mode. Newlines can be CR, LF or CRLF (Unix, Macintosh or MS-DOS style). NOTE: If you modify the data for this notebook not in a Mathematica- compatible application, you must delete the line below containing the word CacheID, otherwise Mathematica-compatible applications may try to use invalid cache data. For more information on notebooks and Mathematica-compatible applications, contact Wolfram Research: web: http://www.wolfram.com email: info@wolfram.com phone: +1-217-398-0700 (U.S.) Notebook reader applications are available free of charge from Wolfram Research. ***********************************************************************) (*CacheID: 232*) (*NotebookFileLineBreakTest NotebookFileLineBreakTest*) (*NotebookOptionsPosition[ 30267, 907]*) (*NotebookOutlinePosition[ 60624, 2010]*) (* CellTagsIndexPosition[ 60497, 2003]*) (*WindowFrame->Normal*) Notebook[{ Cell[TextData[{ StyleBox["Math 245", FontSlant->"Italic"], " ", StyleBox["\[FilledSmallCircle]", FontSlant->"Plain"], " 9 September 1999" }], "Subsubtitle", CellMargins->{{22, 62}, {Inherited, Inherited}}, TextAlignment->Center, TextJustification->0], Cell[TextData[{ StyleBox["Mathematica", FontSlant->"Italic"], " Introduction\[LongDash]Part 1" }], "Subtitle", CellMargins->{{-1.1875, -33.1875}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell["\<\ Before you print any notebook today, please type your name(s) in the notebook \ so you can identify your copy at the shared printers. Please do this right \ now for this notebook: Click the cursor into the indicated space below and \ type your names.\ \>", "BoxedText", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[StyleBox["Your name(s):\n\n", FontWeight->"Bold"]], "ExampleSection", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ "\[FilledSmallCircle] Enlarge the type (if necessary, so you and/or your \ partner can read it comfortably), by selecting from the ", StyleBox["Format", FontFamily->"Helvetica"], " menu the", StyleBox[" Screen Style Environment", FontFamily->"Helvetica"], " entry\[LongDash]you have to keep the mouse button depressed as you do \ that\[LongDash]and finally selecting ", StyleBox["Presentation", FontFamily->"Helvetica"], " on the fly-out menu.\n\[FilledSmallCircle] Enlarge the type further, if \ needed, by selecting from the ", StyleBox["Format", FontFamily->"Helvetica"], " menu the ", StyleBox["Magnification", FontFamily->"Helvetica"], " entry at its bottom and then selecting an appropriate percentage such as \ ", StyleBox["125%", FontFamily->"Helvetica"], ".\n\[FilledSmallCircle] Adjust the size of this window to suit your taste \ by dragging on its lower right corner.\n\[FilledSmallCircle] Adjust the \ position of the window by dragging on its title bar at its top." }], "BoxedText", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell["Notebooks", "Section", CellMargins->{{17.625, 62}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ "This document is a ", StyleBox["Mathematica", FontSlant->"Italic"], " ", StyleBox["notebook", FontWeight->"Bold"], ". It's just an ordinary text file that ", StyleBox["Mathematica'", FontSlant->"Italic"], "s user interface\[LongDash]its ", StyleBox["front end", FontWeight->"Bold"], "\[LongDash]interprets and displays in special ways." }], "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ "Using the ", StyleBox["File", FontFamily->"Helvetica"], " menu, you can create a new notebook, open an existing one, or save an \ open notebook." }], "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ StyleBox["To save an open notebook,", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Italic"], " from the ", StyleBox["File", FontFamily->"Helvetica"], " menu select ", StyleBox["Save", FontFamily->"Helvetica"], ". In the dialog box that pops up, navigate to the place where you want to \ save the notebook." }], "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ "At this lab, the computer has been configured so that the ", StyleBox["Save", FontFamily->"Helvetica"], " dialog directs you to saving on floppy disk. You can do that or, for \ faster saves, navigate to the ", StyleBox["User Items", FontFamily->"Courier"], " folder on your computer's hard disk. Your computer's hard disk is named \ ", StyleBox["Math HD", FontFamily->"Courier"], ". (By contrast, the notebooks you are using today come from the lab \ server's hard disk, ", StyleBox["UMASTR1 Disk", FontFamily->"Courier"], ".\n", StyleBox["Do it now:", Background->GrayLevel[0.900008]], " Save this notebook to your floppy disk. Get in the habit of saving your \ open notebook regularly so that you don't risk losing all your work in case \ of a system crash or other catastrophic error. (If you are working with a \ partner, be sure that eventually you have saved copies for each of you.)" }], "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell["\<\ You'll also want to make printed copies of the notebooks you work in today. \ Towards the end of this notebook you'll be told how.\ \>", "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}, CellTags->"Printing reference near top"], Cell["Cells and evaluation", "Section", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ "A notebook is divided into distinct parts called ", StyleBox["cells", FontWeight->"Bold"], ". Typically, a cell is enclosed by a ", StyleBox["cell bracket", FontWeight->"Bold"], " along its right edge. (Some specially formatted cells, such as the two \ at the top of this notebook that precede the Section cell \"Notebooks\", do \ not normally display their cell brackets.)" }], "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell["Types of cells", "Subsection", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ "Cells come in various ", StyleBox["styles", FontWeight->"Bold"], ":" }], "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ "\[FilledSmallCircle] ", StyleBox["Text", FontWeight->"Bold"], " style cells\[LongDash]they just contain text meant for reading.. The \ text can include mathematical expressions in-line, such as", Cell[BoxData[ \(TraditionalForm\`\(\(\ \)\(\[Integral]\_0\%\[Pi]\ \(\(\(\ \[ExponentialE]\)\(\ \)\)\^t\) cos\ 2 t \(\(\[DifferentialD]\)\(t\)\(\ \)\)\)\)\)]], " and ", Cell[BoxData[ FormBox[ RowBox[{" ", RowBox[{"(", GridBox[{ {\(cos\ \[Theta]\), \(\(-sin\)\ \[Theta]\)}, {\(sin\ \[Theta]\), \(cos\ \[Theta]\)} }], ")"}], " "}], TraditionalForm]]], ". And the text can be ", StyleBox["adorned", FontColor->RGBColor[1, 0, 1]], " ", StyleBox["with", FontSlant->"Italic"], " ", StyleBox["various", FontFamily->"Helvetica"], " ", StyleBox["kinds", Background->RGBColor[1, 1, 0]], " ", StyleBox["of", FontSize->25], " ", StyleBox["formatting ", FontWeight->"Bold"], "if you really wish. You will use text cells to type some answers and \ explanations." }], "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell["\<\ \[FilledSmallCircle] Specially formatted text-like cells such as those for \ headings of various levels. For example, the cell above containing the words \ \"Cells and evaluation\" is a Section style cell.\ \>", "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ "\[FilledSmallCircle] ", StyleBox["Input", FontWeight->"Bold"], " cells, containing ", StyleBox["Mathematica", FontSlant->"Italic"], " expressions to be evaluated. The following cell is an unevaluated input \ cell. ", StyleBox["To evaluate an input cell", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Italic"], ", click the cursor anywhere inside the cell and then press at the same \ time the two keys \[ShiftKey] \[ReturnKey] (Shift and Return). Notice that \ ", StyleBox["while a cell is evaluating", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Italic"], ", the legend ", StyleBox["Running...", FontFamily->"Helvetica"], " appears in the title bar at the top of the notebook window and the cell \ bracket assumes a doubled outline shape filled with color." }], "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ StyleBox["Do it now", Background->GrayLevel[0.900008]], "\[LongDash]evaluate the following cell. And please be patient for ", StyleBox["this", FontSlant->"Italic"], " evaluation\[LongDash]wait until you see the answer." }], "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[BoxData[ \(1\ + \ 1\)], "Input", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ "\[WatchIcon] Sorry if that took longer than you expected! What happened \ is that ", StyleBox["Mathematica'", FontSlant->"Italic"], "s ", StyleBox["kernel", FontWeight->"Bold"], "\[LongDash]its evaluation engine\[LongDash]had to be loaded into memory \ before it could evaluate the input cell. (Subsequent evaluations should be \ much faster.)" }], "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ "\[FilledSmallCircle] ", StyleBox["Output", FontWeight->"Bold"], " cells, containing the results of evaluated ", StyleBox["Mathematica", FontSlant->"Italic"], " expressions. Below the input cell above you should now see the \ corresponding output cell containing the result ", StyleBox["2", FontFamily->"Courier"], ". (Ask for help if you don't see it!)" }], "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell["\<\ Notice that, in addition to the individual cell brackets of the input and \ output cell above, there is a larger bracket \ \>", "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ "Evaluated input cells and their corresponding output cells receive \ numbered ", StyleBox["In", FontFamily->"Helvetica", FontWeight->"Bold"], " and ", StyleBox["Out", FontFamily->"Helvetica", FontWeight->"Bold"], " labels. The numbers indicate the order in which the input cells have \ been evaluated and ", StyleBox["not", FontSlant->"Italic"], " their order in the notebook. For example, ", StyleBox["do this", Background->GrayLevel[0.900008]], ": Evaluate the ", StyleBox["second", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Italic"], " of the three input cells below; next the third; and finally the first. \ Notice the numbers in the cell labels." }], "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[BoxData[ \(Plot[Sin[x], \ {x, \ 0, \ 2\ \[Pi]}]\)], "Input", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[BoxData[ \(4\/20 + 135\/136\)], "Input", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[BoxData[ \(Factor[ a\^5\ + \ 14\ a\^4\ - \ 8\ a\^3\ - \ 368\ a\^2\ + \ 1040\ a\ - \ 800]\)], "Input", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ "Like text cells, graphics cells are ", StyleBox["inactive", FontWeight->"Bold"], "\[LongDash]they cannot be evaluated." }], "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ "Evaluating the input cell containing ", StyleBox["Plot[Sin[x], {x, 0, 2 \[Pi]}]", FontFamily->"Courier"], " produced not only a correspondingly numbered output cell (containing \ just the mysterious legend ", StyleBox["\[SkeletonIndicator]Graphics\[SkeletonIndicator])", FontFamily->"Courier"], " but also, as a side-effect, a graphics cell displaying the plot. To \ suppress printing of that ", StyleBox["\[SkeletonIndicator]Graphics\[SkeletonIndicator]", FontFamily->"Courier"], " output cell, terminate the ", StyleBox["Plot", FontFamily->"Courier"], " input cell with a semicolon. ", StyleBox["Try it now:", Background->GrayLevel[0.900008]], " Evaluate the following cell after typing a semicolon ( ", StyleBox[";", FontFamily->"Courier"], " ) at the end of the expression in it. " }], "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[BoxData[ \(Plot[Sin[x], \ {x, \ 0, \ 2\ \[Pi]}]\)], "Input", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell["\<\ A single input cell may contain several separate expressions to be evaluated, \ as in:\ \>", "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[BoxData[{ \(2^5\), "\n", \(Log[2, \ 32]\)}], "Input", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell["\<\ If you look carefully, you will see that different types of cells have \ distinctive iconic markings on their cell brackets.\ \>", "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell["Error messages", "Subsection", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ "If you ask ", StyleBox["Mathematica", FontSlant->"Italic"], " to evaluate an expression that it does not know how to evaluate, or that \ it suspects is not what you really intended, one of several things can \ happen. " }], "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ "If the expression makes sense (that is, has a syntactically correct form) \ but ", StyleBox["Mathematica", FontSlant->"Italic"], " does not know any rule for evaluating it, then the output will be exactly \ the same as the input. For example, ", StyleBox["try these:", Background->GrayLevel[0.900008]], " " }], "Text", CellDingbat->"\[FilledSmallCircle]", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[BoxData[ \(Cos[something]\)], "Input", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[BoxData[ \(myfunction[2]\)], "Input", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ "If you use a name similar to a built-in name, then you will see a spelling \ error warning message (often, just the first time). ", StyleBox["Try these:", Background->GrayLevel[0.900008]] }], "Text", CellDingbat->"\[FilledSmallCircle]", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[BoxData[ \(sin[\[Pi]]\)], "Input", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[BoxData[ \(sin[\[Pi]]\)], "Input", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[BoxData[ \(Sin[\[Pi]]\)], "Input", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ "Finally, if there is an actual error in your input expression, or if \ evaluating that expression causes an error or unusual condition, then ", StyleBox["Mathematica", FontSlant->"Italic"], " will issue an appropriate error or warning message. For example, ", StyleBox["try these:", Background->GrayLevel[0.900008]] }], "Text", CellDingbat->"\[FilledSmallCircle]", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[BoxData[ \(2\ - \ 3\ + \)], "Input", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[BoxData[ \(\(\(Plot\)\([\)\(Sin[x], \ {x, \ 0, \ 2\ \[Pi]}\)\)\)], "Input", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[BoxData[ \(\[Integral]\_0\%2\( 1\/x\) \[DifferentialD]x\)], "Input", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell["Comments", "Subsection", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ "Whereas text cells are wonderful for annotating work\[LongDash]by students \ as well as teachers!\[LongDash]sometimes all that's needed is a brief \ comment. A ", StyleBox["comment", FontWeight->"Bold"], " is indicated by included its text between the symbol pairs ", StyleBox["(* *)", FontFamily->"Courier"], ". The comment is ignored when the input cell is evaluated. ", StyleBox["Try it now:", Background->GrayLevel[0.900008]], " Evaluate the following cell and be sure you understand the result." }], "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[BoxData[ \(2\ \ 10\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (*\ a\ very\ hard\ problem\ *) \ \ + \ 5\)], "Input", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell["Cell grouping and cell selection", "Subsection", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ "Look at one of the input-output cell pairs above. In addition to the \ individual cell brackets, there is also a larger bracket that groups the two \ cells together as a single entity. Such ", StyleBox["grouping", FontWeight->"Bold"], " helps indicate the notebook's logical structure and provides a handy \ mechanism for editing the notebook." }], "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ "Many operations in ", StyleBox["Mathematica", FontSlant->"Italic"], " require you to act upon an entire cell, which you must first select. ", StyleBox["To select a cell", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Italic"], ", click the mouse cursor on its bracket. ", StyleBox["To select several contiguous cells", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Italic"], ", click on one of their brackets and drag along the other brackets. ", StyleBox["Try it now:", Background->GrayLevel[0.900008]], " Select ", StyleBox["this", FontSlant->"Italic"], " cell." }], "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ "You can also evaluate a cell by selecting its bracket\[LongDash]instead of \ clicking inside the cell\[LongDash]and, as usual, pressing \[ShiftKey] \ \[ReturnKey]. And you can evaluate several contiguous cells by selecting all \ their brackets first. ", StyleBox["Try it now:", Background->GrayLevel[0.900008]], " Evaluate all three of the following input cells together:" }], "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[BoxData[ \(\@2 + 1\)], "Input", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[BoxData[ \(\((\@2 + 1)\)\^10\)], "Input", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[BoxData[ \(Expand[\((\@2 + 1)\)\^100]\)], "Input", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ "Some cells below have been grouped together into groups, some of which may \ be grouped into larger groups, etc. These groups have been ", StyleBox["closed", FontWeight->"Bold"], " so that only the first cell of the group shows. You can tell that a \ group is closed from the triangular icon at the bottom of the group's cell \ bracket ", StyleBox["To open a closed group,", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Italic"], " double-click its cell bracket. (To close the group again, double-click \ its cell bracket again.) ", StyleBox["Try it now:", Background->GrayLevel[0.900008]], " The first cell in the group below has the subsection title \"", StyleBox["Creating and editing cells", FontFamily->"Helvetica"], "\". Open that group and then continue working. (From now on do the same \ with all closed groups as you get to them.)" }], "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["Creating and editing cells", "Subsection", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ StyleBox["To create a new cell", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Italic"], ", move the cursor to a position above or below the cell where the new cell \ should go. Adjust the cursor position until the cursor changes to a \ horizontal I-beam shape and then click. You'll see a horizontal line across \ the window marking the top of the new cell. Then just type. By default, the \ new cell will be an input cell. ", StyleBox["Try it now:", Background->GrayLevel[0.900008]], " create an input cell immediately below this one and type into it: ", StyleBox["N[Pi, 100]", FontFamily->"Courier"] }], "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell["\<\ You couldn't resist evaluating the cell above that you just created, could \ you? By all means, feel free from now on to evaluate input cells whenver you \ see them. Note, though, that expressions used in some input cells later on \ will depend upon earlier cells having been evaluated.\ \>", "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ StyleBox["To change the type of a cell,", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Italic"], " select the cell's bracket. From the ", StyleBox["Format", FontFamily->"Helvetica"], " menu select ", StyleBox["Style", FontFamily->"Helvetica"], " and then select the style you want. ", StyleBox["Try it now:", Background->GrayLevel[0.900008]], " Change the following input cell into a text cell." }], "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[BoxData[ \(guess\ the\ result\ of\ this\ one\)], "Input", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ StyleBox["To edit the contents of a cell,", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Italic"], " just move the cursor there and make the changes you want. ", StyleBox["Try it now:", Background->GrayLevel[0.900008]], " In the following cell, change the function to be plotted to be the \ cosine instead of the sine and, if you wish, change its amplitude and \ period." }], "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[BoxData[ \(Plot[Sin[x], \ {x, \ 0, \ 2\ \[Pi]}]\)], "Input", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ "To copy or cut text that's inside a cell, you first select that text. ", StyleBox["To select any text,", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Italic"], " you can click and drag over it." }], "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ "\[LightBulb] Shortcut: ", StyleBox["To select a subexpression of a larger expression", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Italic"], " in an input cell, first click inside that expression. Then repeatedly \ use the key combination ", StyleBox["\[ControlKey]-. ", FontSize->14, FontWeight->"Bold"], "(Control together with period) as successively larger expressions are \ highlighted until you reach the desired one. ", StyleBox["Try it now:", Background->GrayLevel[0.900008]], " Select the argument ", Cell[BoxData[ StyleBox[\(-\(\[Theta]\/10\)\), FontFamily->"Courier"]]], "to ", StyleBox["Exp", FontFamily->"Courier"], " in the following cell." }], "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[BoxData[ \(0.75 Cos[2 \[Theta]]\ Exp[\(-\(\[Theta]\/10\)\)]\)], "Input", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ "The usual ", StyleBox["Edit", FontFamily->"Helvetica"], " menu ", StyleBox["Copy", FontFamily->"Helvetica"], ", ", StyleBox["Paste", FontFamily->"Helvetica"], ", and ", StyleBox["Cut", FontFamily->"Helvetica"], " commands work not just upon selections inside a cell but also selections \ of entire cells (or even groups of cells). So do their equivalent keyboard \ combinations \[CloverLeaf]-C, \[CloverLeaf]-V, and \[CloverLeaf]-X. ", StyleBox["Often the quickest way to build an expression in an input cell is \ to copy parts of expressions from other cells.", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Italic"] }], "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ StyleBox["Try it now:", Background->GrayLevel[0.900008]], " The following cell contains an expression in the variable \[Theta]. \ Without changing that cell and without typing everything from scratch, create \ a new cell below it that will plot the corresponding function of ", StyleBox["\[Theta]", FontFamily->"Courier"], " on the interval from ", StyleBox["-3\[Pi]", FontFamily->"Courier"], " to ", StyleBox["3\[Pi]", FontFamily->"Courier"], "." }], "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[BoxData[ \(0.75 Cos[2 \[Theta]]\ Exp[\(-\(\[Theta]\/10\)\)]\)], "Input", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}] }, Closed]], Cell["\<\ Did you open and work through the closed group just above? If not, do it \ now!\ \>", "BoxedText", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["Printing notebooks", "Section", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ "Notebooks can be rather long.. So it's a good idea (if your eyes can stand \ it) to print them \"2-up\"\[LongDash]two notebook pages per printed page. On \ the Mac you enable 2-up printing before giving the ", StyleBox["Print", FontFamily->"Helvetica"], " command. ", StyleBox["To enable 2-up printing for the currently selected notebook", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Italic"], ", from the ", StyleBox["File", FontFamily->"Helvetica"], " menu first select ", StyleBox["Print Settings", FontFamily->"Helvetica"], ". From the pop-out menu that appears, select ", StyleBox["Page Setup", FontFamily->"Helvetica"], ". On the pop-up ", StyleBox["Page Setup", FontFamily->"Helvetica"], " dialog box there is a ", StyleBox["Layout", FontFamily->"Helvetica"], " field; select ", StyleBox["2 Up", FontFamily->"Helvetica"], " from the \"spin box\" to its right.." }], "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}, CellTags->"How to print"], Cell[TextData[{ StyleBox["To print an open notebook,", FontWeight->"Bold", FontSlant->"Italic"], " from the File menu select ", StyleBox["Print", FontFamily->"Helvetica"], ". In the dialog box that pops up, the ", StyleBox["Copies", FontFamily->"Helvetica"], " field is highlighted with a default number of 1, that is, a single copy. \ To print 2 copies, just type ", StyleBox["2", FontFamily->"Courier"], " into that field. Then click on the ", StyleBox["Print", FontFamily->"Helvetica"], " button." }], "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ "(If you reached this section by clicking on a hyperlink in the \"Notebooks\ \" section near the start of this notebook, you may ", ButtonBox["click here", ButtonData:>"Printing reference near top", ButtonStyle->"Hyperlink"], " to return there.)" }], "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}] }, Closed]], Cell["\<\ Did you remember to open the closed group immediately above this cell? If \ not, do it now!\ \>", "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ "Before proceeding, print a copy of this notebook\[LongDash]one copy for \ each of you if you are working with a partner\[LongDash]to keep for \ reference. (Do ", StyleBox["not", FontSlant->"Italic"], " hand it in!)" }], "BoxedText", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["What's next?", "Section", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ "If you have time at this lab session\[LongDash]you \ should!\[LongDash]continue this introduction by opening the notebook", StyleBox[" Intro2.nb", FontFamily->"Courier"], " the same way you opened this notebook. Otherwise,\" clean up\" as \ indicated below." }], "Text", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}] }, Closed]], Cell["Cleaning up", "Section", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[TextData[{ "When you are finished at your ", StyleBox["Mathematica", FontSlant->"Italic"], " session for today, please:\n \[FilledSmallCircle] Save all notebooks \ (such as this one) that you want to save to your diskette (or copy them to \ your diskette from the ", StyleBox["User Item", FontFamily->"Courier"], "s folder on ", StyleBox["Math HD", FontFamily->"Courier"], " where you originally put them).\n \[FilledSmallCircle] Close all open \ notebooks.\n \[FilledSmallCircle] Exit (quit) ", StyleBox["Mathematica", FontSlant->"Italic"], " from the ", StyleBox["File", FontFamily->"Helvetica"], " menu." }], "BoxedText", CellMargins->{{17.625, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell["Copyright \[Copyright] 1999 by Murray Eisenberg", "Copyright", CellMargins->{{17.625, 62}, {Inherited, Inherited}}, TextAlignment->Center, TextJustification->0] }, FrontEndVersion->"4.0 for Microsoft Windows", ScreenRectangle->{{0, 1024}, {0, 723}}, ScreenStyleEnvironment->"Working", WindowToolbars->{}, CellGrouping->Manual, WindowSize->{687, 517}, WindowMargins->{{135, Automatic}, {Automatic, 20}}, PrintingCopies->1, PrintingPageRange->{Automatic, Automatic}, Magnification->1, StyleDefinitions -> Notebook[{ Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["Style Definitions", "Subtitle"], Cell["\<\ Modify the definitions below to change the default appearance of all cells in \ a given style. 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